Question: What is the difference between a dove and a pigeon?
Answer: There is no difference -- dove and pigeon are common names for the same family of birds.
In general, there is a tendency for the term dove to be used for smaller species and the term pigeon for larger ones, but there is no consistency in the use of the terms. Young doves/pigeons are called squabs.
The species commonly referred to just as a pigeon is the feral Rock Dove, which is most often found in cities.